Upgrade your adventure or street bike’s braking with EBC FA199HH Double‑H sintered front brake pads. Manufactured in the USA, these high-performance pads feature a copper-alloy compound with stainless steel heat shields for immediate bite, superior fade resistance, and quiet, cool operation. TÜV and ECE R90 certified for street use, FA199HH pads are ideal for aggressive street riding on Yamaha FZ6/FZ6R, Yamaha V‑Star, and larger KTM/Husqvarna/ Honda adventure models.
Compatible Models Include (Front):
Yamaha FZ6 (2004–2006)*, FZ6R (2009–2017)
Yamaha V‑Star 250 / Virago XV250 (1995–2013)
Yamaha V‑Star 1100/1300 series (1999–2014)
KTM 450/500 (2012–2016), 690 Enduro R, 790/890 Adventure/Rally, 950/990/1050/1090/1190/1290 Adventure
Husqvarna 701 Enduro, Husaberg FE/FS 390–570 (2009–2011), Beta 4‑stroke, BMW F650GS & Dakar, Honda Africa Twin 1000, Yamaha Tenere 700
*Note: Fitted as single caliper pad; dual-disc models require two sets.
Product Details:
Type: Front Double‑H Sintered Brake Pads
Material: Copper-alloy sintered with stainless shields
Friction Rating: HH (highest performance)
Pad Size: approx. 93.8 × 40.3 × 9.8 mm
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV approved (street legal)
Made In: USA at EBC’s Ohio plant
Upgrade your ATV’s braking performance with EBC FA21X X Series carbon-graphite brake pads. Made in the UK with a hybrid carbon-aramid formula, these semi-sintered pads deliver low heat generation, medium longevity, and powerful stopping for fast, dry riding. Optimized for trail and leisure use, they provide smooth, consistent braking without rotor damage—perfect for sport and utility ATVs. Sold in pairs per wheel, FA21X pads are ECE R90/TÜV tested, ensuring reliable, street-legal performance.
Compatible Models Include (Rear Position):
1982–1985 Yamaha YT125 Tri‑Moto
1982–1983 Yamaha YT175 Tri‑Moto
1983–1985 Yamaha YTM200 Tri‑Moto
1983–1985 Yamaha YTM225 Tri‑Moto
1985–1986 Yamaha YTM225DR Tri‑Moto
1986–1988 Yamaha YFM225 Moto‑4
1985–1989 Yamaha YFM200DX Moto‑4
1989–1991 Yamaha YFM250 Moto‑4
1987–1995 Yamaha YFM350ER Moto‑4
1987–1995 Yamaha YFM350FW Big Bear 350 4×4
Product Type: Brake Pads – Semi-Sintered (X Series Carbon-Graphite)
Material: Carbon Graphite + Aramid blend
Position: Rear (sold as pairs per wheel)
Made in: United Kingdom
Certifications: ECE R90 / TÜV adherence
The EBC FA229 organic brake pads are designed for riders who prioritize quiet operation, long rotor life, and dependable everyday braking. Made from high-quality organic compounds, these pads are ideal for street bikes and provide progressive braking feel with low dust output. They’re a direct OEM replacement for many Yamaha sportbikes and touring motorcycles.
Compatible Models (Front Use):
Yamaha YZF-R6 (2003–2016)
Yamaha YZF-R1 (2004–2006)
Yamaha FZ6 (2004–2009)
Yamaha FZ1 (2006–2015)
Yamaha FJR1300 (2006–2020)
Yamaha MT-07 (2015–2020)
Yamaha MT-09 (2014–2020)
Yamaha XSR900 (2016–2020)
Yamaha Tracer 900 / GT (2015–2020)
Upgrade your ATV, UTV, dirtbike, or scooter with EBC FA232X, part of the X‑Series carbon/graphite compound line. Made in the UK using Dupont® Kevlar and carbon‑graphite particles, these pads deliver a sport tuning that balances excellent bite, heat resistance, and moderate wear life. ECE R90 and TÜV certified for street use, FA232X pads are ideal for fast trail riding, utility, and general recreational use—delivering reliable braking in diverse conditions.
Compatible Applications (Typical Fitment):
Polaris: Sportsman, Trail Boss, Magnum, Big Boss, Xplorer (1990 – 2000s)
CF Moto C‑Force 400/500 4×4 (2014–2016)
Various utility ATVs and scooters requiring carbon/graphite pads
(Always confirm fitment with make/model/year)
Product Details
Type: Carbon‑graphite Kevlar compound (X‑Series)
Material: Hybrid carbon-graphite with Dupont® Kevlar for sport performance
Pack: Includes two pads—enough for one disc (front/rear)
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV tested for legal street use
Manufacturing: British-made in the UK
Wear Life: Medium—optimized for heat resistance and bite
Upgrade your sportbike’s braking with EBC FA249HH, the flagship Double‑H sintered pad engineered for maximum stopping power and endurance. Crafted in the USA with copper-alloy SB101C compound and stainless-steel heat shields, these pads deliver instant bite, exceptional fade resistance, and long life—nearly twice that of organic pads. HH-rated in both hot and cold applications, TÜV tested and ECE R90-approved, FA249HH offers elite, street-legal performance under all conditions—whether wet or dry.
Compatible Models (Front Examples):
Buell X1 Lightning / M2 Cyclone / S1/S3 Thunderbolt (late ’90s–2000s)
Kawasaki ZX‑7RR (1996–1999)
Yamaha YZF‑R7 (1999)
Harley‑Davidson XG750 Street 750 (2018+)
Various six-piston aftermarket calipers (e.g., Performance Machine)
(Designed for modern sport, supersport, and custom bikes—OE sintered fitment recommended; always verify compatibility.)
Product Details:
Type: Double‑H Sintered Copper-Alloy Brake Pads
Friction Rating: HH – highest industry standard for both hot and cold performance
Construction: SB101C copper alloy formulation with stainless-steel heat/noise shields
Dimensions (Pad A): 91.6 × 51.5 × 10 mm (~3.6″ × 2″ × 3/8″)
Certifications: TÜV tested & ECE R90 approved—street-legal & globally compliant
Manufacture: Made in EBC’s state-of-the-art Ohio sintering plant, USA
Sold As: Pair for a single front caliper
Upgrade your heavyweight touring machine with EBC FA261/2HH Double‑H sintered rear brake pads. Crafted in the USA using high-density copper-alloy (SB101C) and equipped with stainless steel shields, these pads deliver lightning-fast bite, fade-resistant stopping, and twice the life of typical sintered pads. TÜV-tested and ECE R90 certified, FA261/2HH is engineered for linked brake systems—ideal for Honda Goldwing GL1800, Victory Vision, VTX 1800, ST1100/ST1300, CBR1100XX, VFR800, Suzuki GSX/R and many more.
Compatible Models (Rear):
Honda GL1800 Goldwing (2001–2022, incl. ABS/Airbag/Bagger models)
Honda VTX1800 (2002–2011)
Honda VT1300 Fury/Interstate/Sabre (2010–2015)
Victory Vision/Tour/Vision Street (2008–2017)
Honda CBR1100XX Blackbird (1997–2007); ST1100 (1996–2002); ST1300 (2002–2013); VFR800 (1998–2015)
(Optimized for linked braking systems—ensure all three pad sets are changed together.)
Product Details:
Type: Double‑H Sintered Rear Brake Pads
Material: Copper-alloy SB101C with perforated stainless heat shields
Mounting: Sold per wheel (pair); designed for rear calipers in linked systems
Pad A Size: approx. 115.6 × 41 × 10.4 mm
Friction Rating: HH – ultra-high braking performance
Made In: USA (Ohio sintering plant)
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV tested — street-approved worldwide
Upgrade your ATV or utility vehicle with EBC FA270X carbon/graphite “X-Series” brake pads. These UK-made pads blend carbon-graphite with Kevlar, delivering cool-running performance, efficient bite, and reliable stopping in dry and street conditions. While not suited for mud or deep water, FA270X pads offer medium wear life with superior feel and are certified to meet ECE R90 and TÜV standards. Ideal for Polaris Sportsman/Trail Boss/Trail Blazer, Scrambler, Magnum, and similar utility models.
Compatible Fitment (Rear):
Polaris Sportsman 500/550/850 (1998–2004)
Trail Blazer 250/400 & Trail Boss 325/330
Scrambler 400/500, Xplorer 250/400
Magnum 325/500 models
(Exact fit depends on year/model; verify before ordering)
Product Details
Type: Rear carbon/graphite Kevlar X-Series pad
Material: Hybrid carbon-graphite with Aramid reinforcement
Pack: Set of 2 pads (fits one disc)
Wear Life: Medium durability—balanced for sport/street use
Manufactured: Made in the UK
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV certified street-legal
Upgrade to EBC FA275HH, the double‑H sintered performance pad made in the USA with a copper-alloy SB101C compound and stainless heat shields. These flagship pads deliver blistering bite, fade resistance, and extended life—often twice that of organics. Street-legal and TÜV/ECE R90 certified, FA275HH is ideal wherever OE sintered pads are used, providing peak braking confidence in wet or dry riding conditions. Perfect for Yamaha TW, XT, YZF‑R6/R1, Tenere 700, and similar bikes requiring this pad profile.
Compatible Models (Front)
(Confirm fitment per year/model)
Yamaha TW200 (2001–2022)
Yamaha XT225 (2001–2007) / XT250 (2008–2022)
Yamaha YZF‑R6 (1999–2002) – front
Yamaha YZF‑R1 (2002–2003) – rear
Yamaha Tenere 700, F650GS, Africa Twin, and other adventure/touring bikes requiring this pad
Product Details
Part No.: FA275HH
Series: Double‑H sintered (street-sport flagship)
Compound: SB101C copper-alloy sintered metal—ultra-high HH friction
Heat Shields: Perforated stainless steel backing plate reduces heat soak & noise
Pad A Size: ≈ 99.77 × 30.20 × 9 mm
Certifications: TÜV-tested and ECE R90 approved—legal and safe for street use
Warranty: Backed by EBC, manufactured in Ohio, USA
Sold As: Pad pair for one front caliper (order two for dual-disc setups)
Upgrade your classic Honda’s braking with EBC FA29 organic front brake pads. Crafted in the UK from eco-friendly Dupont Kevlar (E327 aramid compound), these pads deliver smooth, fingertip response, low dust, and excellent rotor protection. Featuring secure Nucap NRS-hook backing and full ECE R90/TÜV certification, FA29 pads are a reliable OE-quality replacement—quieter than sintered pads and safe for polished rotors. Supplied as a pair per caliper, they require two sets for dual-disc setups.
Compatible Models (Front):
1975–1979 Honda GL1000 Goldwing, note: 2 sets required for dual discs
1976–1981 Honda GL1100 / GL1100I Interstate (fits front)
1978–1979 Honda CX500 / CX500C / CX500D
1980–1981 Honda CB900C Custom
1980 Honda CBX Super Sport (front)
(Also compatible with select CB900, CM400, BMW R1100, and other classic bikes—verify fitment before purchase)*
Upgrade your classic Honda’s braking with EBC FA31 organic brake pads. Made in the UK using eco-friendly E327 aramid (Kevlar) compound, these pads deliver smooth fingertip stopping power, ultra-low dust, and excellent rotor protection. Featuring Nucap NRS-hook backing plates to prevent delamination and full ECE R90/TÜV certification, FA31 pads are perfect OEM-style replacements for 1977–1979 Honda CB750F Super Sport and 1979–1980 CBX Super Sport models. Suitable for both front and rear applications.
Compatible Models (Front/Rear):
1977–1979 Honda CB750F Super Sport
1979–1980 Honda CBX 1000 Super Sport
Product Details:
Type: Organic Brake Pads (FA Series)
Material: E327 Aramid (Kevlar) Fiber Compound
Backing: Nucap NRS-hook retention prevents pad delamination
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV tested – street-legal standard
Benefits: Smooth, quiet performance with minimal dust and rotor wear
Sold: Set per wheel (pair)—dual-disc bikes require two sets
Upgrade your classic Honda’s braking with EBC FA32 organic brake pads. Made in the UK using eco-friendly Kevlar-infused E327 aramid compound, these pads deliver smooth fingertip stopping power, low dust output, and exceptional rotor protection. Featuring Nucap NRS-hook backing for secure retention and ECE R90/TÜV approval for street-legal use, FA32 pads are the ideal rear replacement for Honda GL1000 Goldwing (1975–1979) and CB750F Supersport (1975–1976). They work equally well as a direct swap for sintered pads without harsh wear or noise.
Compatible Models (Rear):
1975–1979 Honda GL1000 Goldwing
1975–1976 Honda CB750F Super Sport
Product Type: Brake Pads – Rear Organic (FA Series)
Material: E327 Aramid (Kevlar) Fiber Compound
Backing: Nucap NRS hook retention (no delamination)
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV approved (street legal)
Enhance your off-road or fast trail bike with EBC FA367X, the top-selling X‑Series carbon-graphite brake pad. Made in the UK from a hybrid carbon-graphite and Kevlar compound, these pads offer cool-running performance with reduced heat transfer and smooth bite. ECE R90/TÜV certified, FA367X pads are ideal for street-legal enduro, trail, ATV, or dual-sport use—delivering dependable stopping under dry conditions without damaging rotors.
Compatible Fitment (Rear)
Kawasaki: KX250/450F/X, KLX450R
Yamaha: YZ125/250/450F, WR250F/R/X, YZ250X, YZ450FX, WR450F
Suzuki: RM-Z250/450
Aprilia/Beta/GasGas: MXV450, RXV450/550, SXV450/550, RM-Z, EC/ECX/ECF models, TM MX/EN series
(Always verify year/model fitment)
Product Details
Part No.: FA367X
Material: Carbon-graphite + DuPont® Kevlar blend
Mounting: Sold in sets of two (one disc) – fits front or rear as noted
Heat Management: Low thermal transfer keeps rotors/callipers cool
Life Expectancy: Medium durability — optimal for dry trail riding
Origin: Made in the UK
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV street-compliant
Enhance your Yamaha’s braking with the EBC FA41 organic front brake pads. Made in the UK from eco-friendly aramid fiber (E327 compound), they deliver smooth fingertip stopping power, low dust, and minimal rotor wear. These OE-quality pads are fully ECE R90 and TÜV certified, offering reliable, progressive braking perfect for street use. Specifically designed for 1979–1981 Yamaha XS1100S Special models, FA41 ensures quiet, protected braking for classic bike projects.
Compatible Model:
1979–1981 Yamaha XS1100S Special (Front )
Product Type: Brake Pads – Front Organic
Material: Aramid Fiber (E327 Organic Compound)
Certification: ECE R90 / TÜV Approved
Made in: United Kingdom
Enhance your motorcycle’s braking with EBC FA45 organic front brake pads, crafted in the UK using eco-friendly E327 aramid (Kevlar) compound. These pads deliver smooth, fingertip-perfect stopping power with ultra-low dust and gentle rotor wear. Featuring durable Nucap NRS-hook backing plates, FA45 pads are ECE R90/TÜV certified and ideal as a quiet, responsive replacement for both classic Hondas and modern adventure bikes.
Compatible Models (Front):
Honda CB650C Custom (1980–1981)
Honda CB750C Custom (1980–1981)
Honda CB400T Hawk (1980–1981)
Honda CB750K (1979–1982)
Husqvarna/Vitpilen 701 ABS (2018–2020) – compatible as listed
KTM 1090/1190/1290 Adventure/R (2014–2021) – compatible
(Common for both classic Hondas and modern ADV models using OE FA45 fitment. Always verify fitment for your specific year.)
Product Details:
Type: Front organic brake pads (FA Series)
Material: E327 aramid (Kevlar) compound—smooth, low dust, rotor-safe
Backing: Nucap NRS-hook retention plates—built to resist corrosion and delamination
Certifications: ECE R90 / TÜV tested—street-approved quality
Sold as: Pair per front caliper; dual-disc bikes require two sets
Upgrade your vintage Suzuki’s braking with EBC FA51 organic front brake pads. Crafted in the UK using eco-friendly E327 aramid (Kevlar) compound, these pads deliver smooth, fingertip feel, ultra-low dust, and gentle treatment of rotors—even polished ones. Built on durable backing with Nucap NRS-hook retention, FA51 pads are ECE R90 and TÜV certified, offering OEM-level quality. Ideal for Suzuki GS250, GS450, GS700, GS750, GS850, GS1000, GS1100, GN250/400, GV700/1200, and similar 1980–1988 models (order two sets for twin-disc setups).
Compatible Models (Front):
Suzuki GS250 TT/TX (1980–81), GS450 E series (1980–83), GN250 J (1988), GN400 (1980–83)
Suzuki GS700/GS750 (1980–83), GS850 (1980–81), GS1000/GS1100 (1980–83)
Suzuki GV700/1200 GL Madura (1985–86), GN400T/X (1980–82)
(Approximately 70+ Suzuki vehicles fit—confirm before ordering.)
Product Details:
Type: Front Organic Brake Pads (FA Series)
Material: E327 aramid‑Kevlar compound—smooth, low-dust, rotor-safe
Backing & Retention: Robust steel backing with Nucap NRS-hook—no pad delamination
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV tested—approved for street use
Sold As: One pair per caliper; twin-disc models require two sets
Upgrade your vintage Kawasaki’s front braking with EBC FA62 organic brake pads. Made in the UK using E327 aramid (Kevlar) compound, these OE-style pads provide smooth fingertip stopping power, low dust, and minimal rotor wear. Built on durable Nucap NRS-hook backing plates, FA62 pads are street-certified (ECE R90 / TÜV tested) and suitable as organic or sintered replacements. Ideal for classic touring bikes like KZ1000E and KZ1300.
Compatible Models (Front):
1979–1980 Kawasaki KZ1000E Shaft
1979–1982 Kawasaki KZ1300 / KZ1300A / KZ1300B
Product Details:
Type: Front Organic Brake Pads (FA Series)
Material: E327 high-tech aramid fiber compound
Backing: Nucap NRS-hook plates—no pad separation
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV tested—approved street use
Units: Sold as a pair per wheel
Enhance your bike’s rear stopping power with EBC FA67/3 organic pads, crafted in the UK with eco-friendly E327 aramid‑Kevlar compound. These radius-ground pads deliver smooth, progressive bite with minimal dust and rotor wear—perfect for everyday and spirited street riding. Built on robust backing plates with Nucap NRS-hook retention to prevent delamination. Fully TÜV and ECE R90 certified, FA67/3 is a direct OEM replacement for many sportbikes and can even serve as a quieter, gentler option on sintered setups.
Compatible Models (Rear):
Kawasaki EX500 / Ninja 500 (1994–2009; includes EX500D and 500R)
Kawasaki KL650 KLR (1987–1989)
Also fits various dual-sport/adventure bikes requiring FA67/3 fitment (e.g., Husaberg FC501, FC600)
Product Details
Part No.: FA67/3 / 1722‑0160
Type: Rear organic brake pads
Material: E327 aramid-Kevlar compound for responsive braking and rotor protection
Backing & Retention: Aluminum plate with radius ground edges and Nucap NRS-hook—no delamination
Dimensions: Two sizes – 55.5×37×10 mm plus 85×43×7 mm (check size versus caliper)
Certifications: TÜV-tested and ECE R90 approved for street use
Sold As: Pair per wheel (one rear caliper)
Enhance your off-road braking with EBC FA67R R‑Series sintered brake pads. Manufactured in the USA using SB101C copper‑alloy compound, these heavy‑duty pads offer superior durability and reliable performance in harsh riding conditions—mud, dust, water, or sand. Designed for dual‑sport, motocross, ATV, and UTV use, FA67R pads deliver consistent stopping power while protecting your rotors and resisting fade. Sold as a pair per caliper, these pads fit a wide array of Cagiva, CF Moto, Gogoro, Kawasaki, KTM, Polaris, Suzuki, Yamaha, Husaberg, Maico and more.
Compatible Models Include:
(Front/Rear use as listed)
Kawasaki KLR650 (1987–2007)
Kawasaki KX125/250/500 (1983–1988) & KDX200 (1986–1992)
KL/ KLR 250 (Super Sherpa) (1985–2005)
KTM 125–600 MX/EXC/LC4 & 690, 950–1290 Adventure models
Husaberg FE/FC/TE series (1989–1994)
CF Moto U-Force 500/800, Polaris Phoenix, Suzuki GN125, Yamaha YFM90/300 Raptor/Grizzly, Cagiva WMX 125/250, and more
Product Details:
Type: Sintered R‑Series Brake Pads
Material: SB101C copper‑alloy compound—rust‑resistant, disc‑friendly
Manufactured in: USA (Ohio)
Sold: Pair per caliper (one wheel)
Suitable Use Cases: Dirt, mud, water, trail riding — designed for harsh environments
Upgrade your Honda with EBC FA69HH Double‑H sintered brake pads, made in the USA from high-friction copper-alloy and fitted with stainless-steel heat shields. With an ultra-high “HH” friction rating, these pads offer immediate bite, exceptional fade resistance, and up to double the lifespan of standard organic pads. TÜV-tested and ECE R90 certified, FA69HH pads are ideal for performance street and touring riders seeking powerful, reliable braking across both front and rear calipers.
Compatible Models (Front/Rear):
Honda CX500 / CX650 Turbo / CX650 Custom (1982–1983)
Honda CB650 / CB650SC Nighthawk (1982–1985)
Honda CB750F Super Sport (1981–1983)
Honda CB900F / CB900C (1981–1983)
Honda CBX1000 Super Sport (1981–1983)
Honda Goldwing GL1100 / Interstate (1982–1983)
Honda CB1100F (1983)
Honda Interceptor VF500F / VF700F / VF750F / VF1000R (1984–1986)
Compat. list includes ~81 Honda models—always verify fitment with your bike/year .
Product Details:
Type: Double‑H Sintered Copper-Alloy Brake Pads
Features: Stainless steel heat shields, radiused pad edge, die‑cast backing plate
Certifications: ECE R90 & TÜV approved — street-legal and performance-tested
Origin: Manufactured in the USA
Benefits: Aggressive initial bite, fade-free braking, quieter, and long-lasting performance
Upgrade your classic Kawasaki’s braking with EBC FA73 organic front brake pads. Made in the UK with eco-friendly E327 aramid fiber, they deliver smooth fingertip feel, low dust, and minimal rotor wear. Featuring Nucap NRS-hook backing to prevent delamination, these OE-style pads are a popular OEM replacement with proven reliability—even as an organic alternative to sintered pads.
Compatible Models (Front):
1977–1979 KZ650C/D SR
1978–1982 KZ440A/D LTD
1978–1982 KZ550A
1980–1982 KZ1000D3 / Z1 Classic / LTD models
1979–1981 KZ1000C Police; 1979–1980 KZ1000A/B LTD
These pads also suit a range of KZ-Series street bikes—check exact fitment before ordering
Product Details:
Type: Front Organic Brake Pads (FA Series)
Material: E327 aramid fiber—smooth, rotor-safe braking
Backing: Nucap NRS-hooked steel plates—no pad separation
Certification: ECE R90 & TÜV tested; street-legal performance
Units: One pair per wheel (front)
Elevate your motorcycle’s braking with EBC FA85HH, a Double‑H sintered pad crafted for instant bite, fade-free control, and endurance. Made in the USA using copper-alloy (SB101C) compound with stainless steel heat shields, these pads strike the perfect balance between aggressive stopping power and long lifespan—up to twice that of organic pads. Hot/cold HH-rated, TÜV-tested, and ECE R90-approved, FA85HH delivers superb performance in all conditions—ideal for touring, cruiser, sport, and custom bikes originally built with sintered pads.
Compatible Fitment (Front & Rear):
Kawasaki VN series cruisers: VN1500 Vulcan/Classic/Nomad (’96–’99 front/rear), VN800 (’95–’04), VN750 (’86–’06)
Kawasaki Concours / Voyager: ZG1000 & ZG1200 series (’85–’06 front/rear)
Kawasaki Vulcan 700/454/250 cruisers (’85–’90)
Kawasaki ZX/Ninja models: ZX600/1000/750 & EX250 Ninja (mid‑’80s) – introduced as superbike-grade OE sintered pad
(Approximately 100+ cruiser and sportbike applications—verify fitment for your specific year/model.)
Product Details:
Type: Double‑H Sintered Copper-Alloy Brake Pads
Friction Rating: HH – highest hot & cold performance
Construction: Sintered copper compound with stainless-steel heat/noise shields
Dimensions: ~69 mm × 9.8 mm (2‑23/32″ × 25/64″)
Certifications: TÜV-tested & ECE R90 approved—legitimate street use
Manufactured In: USA (Ohio)
Packaging: Sold as a pad pair (1 set per caliper)
